This essay intends to make a critical assessment of the nihilistic posture (which currently characterizes a large part of the western intellectual universe) and its consequences on the relationship between philosophy and anthropology. It focuses on Gianni Vattimo’ work, The end of modernity, which, according to the author, will attain an important position in the postmodern philosophical panorama. In a second part it offers a discussion which reaches other anthropologists and philosophers, mainly seeking to asses if, in the so called postmodern era, this relationship between both disciplines can be presented in a more fruitful form.